災害時に医療支援活動を行った看護師の達成感と組織体制に対する肯定感との関連

Interrelation Between the Sense of Accomplishment and Sense of Affirmation of the Organizational System in Nurses Engaged in Disaster Medical Relief Operations

要約

　本研究の目的は、災害時における医療支援活動を行った看護師の達成感と、支援活動時の組織体制に対する肯定感との関連を明らかにすることである。

　対象は、国内の自然災害発生時に医療支援を行った看護師とし、75施設740名を対象に質問紙調査を行った。「達成感」の項目は、「HRM（Human Resource Management）チェックリスト」の「達成」4項目と組織体制に対する肯定感11項目および属性であった。

　591名（79.9％）から回答が得られ、有効回答555名（75.0％）を分析対象とした。組織体制に対する肯定感は、｢活動状況に関する肯定感｣と｢出発準備に関する肯定感｣の二つの因子が抽出された。｢活動状況に関する肯定感｣｢出発準備に関する肯定感｣のいずれも、肯定感高群が低群に比べて、達成感が有意に高値であった。対象の特性と｢達成感｣との関連については、実務経験が5年未満の群は5年以上の群に比べて、｢達成感｣が有意に低値であった。リーダー役割あり群はリーダー役割なし群に比べて、また、訓練経験あり群は訓練経験なし群に比べて｢達成感｣が有意に高値であった。

　災害時の医療支援活動では、組織体制が有効に機能したことが、現地の活動をより円滑にし、看護師の達成感に影響を及ぼすことが示唆された。

Abstract

　This research was performed for the purpose of identifying the interrelation between the sense of accomplishment and sense of affirmation of the organizational system for relief operations in nurses engaged in medical relief operations in disasters. The research was performed based on a self-completed questionnaire survey mailed to 740 nurses from 75 institutions, who were engaged in medical relief operations in domestic natural disasters. The survey consisted of four questions concerning "Accomplishment" in "Human Resource Management(HRM)Checklist" and 11 items to assess the sense of affirmation of the organizational system and the attributes.

　A total of 591 nurses(79.9%)responded to the survey, with responses from 555 nurses(75.0%) assessed as effective responses. As a result, two factors, "sense of affirmation regarding the condition of operations" and "sense of affirmation regarding the preparations for starting operations," were extracted as the sense of affirmation of the organizational system. Nurses who had a highly affirmative sensation for "condition of operations" and for "preparations for starting the operations" had a significantly better "sense of accomplishment" than those who did not. Nurses who had less than five years of nursing experience had a significantly lower "sense of accomplishment" than those who had five or more years of nursing experience. Nurses who played leading role had a better "sense of accomplishment" than those who did not. Nurses who had training experience had a better "sense of accomplishment" than those who did not.

　The findings suggest that effective functioning of the organizational system increases the smoothness of local activities and affects the sense of accomplishment of nurses in medical relief operations in disasters.