災害拠点病院における災害の備えに対する実態と課題

Current Conditions of Disaster Preparedness among Disaster Base Hospitals in Japan

要約

　災害拠点病院は増加の傾向にあり、どのように備えを行っているかの調査は重要であると考え、その実態を明らかにする目的で研究を行った。先行研究・資料に基づき作成した質問紙を全国災害拠点病院572施設に郵送し、222施設から回答を得た。187施設が災害への対策組織を有し、想定している災害は多いものから「地震」「大火事」であり、少ないものは「病院倒壊」、「放射線」、「航空機」、「テロ」、「化学兵器」と人為災害に関するものが見られた。災害時マニュアルを211施設が有し、その周知は125施設ができていると回答した。災害計画で多く取り組まれているものから「院内対策本部の設置」「トリアージ訓練」があり、少ないものは「看護ボランティアの受け入れ」、「一般ボランティアの受け入れ」であった。今後の課題は人為災害を想定した対策の充実や、作成したマニュアルを周知させること、ボランティアの受け入れなどの計画を充実させることであった。

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to clarify the current conditions of disaster preparedness among disaster base hospitals in Japan. Questionnaires were utilized for data collection about disaster preparedness. Questionnaires were sent by postal mail to 572 disaster base hospitals in Japan. Responses were obtained by 222 out of 572 hospitals, with 187 of the 222 hospitals having countermeasure organizations in place for disasters. A larger number of those with disaster preparedness organizations in place defined 'disaster' as "earthquakes" and "large fires," in order by number. A smaller number of those with disaster preparedness organizations in place defined 'disaster' as being man-made, as "hospital collapse," "radioactive contamination," "aircraft," "terrorism" and "chemical weapons." Manuals were in use at 211 hospitals at the time of disaster. Moreover, 125 of the 211 hospitals had informed its personnel at the hospitals about the manual. Planning for disaster countermeasures and triage training were implemented at most hospitals responding. On the other hand, a small number of hospitals were planning to accept nursing volunteers and general volunteers. Future tasks will include developing countermeasures against manmade disasters, creating a manual for use in times of disaster and then disseminating information about the manual, and expanding disaster plans to accept various volunteers.