災害保健活動のセルフ・エフィカシーについての探索的研究

Self-efficacy of public health nurses in disaster health activities: An exploratory study

要約

目的：保健師としての被災地支援経験の有無が災害保健活動のセルフ・エフィカシーに及ぼす影響を明らかにすることを目的とした。

方法：対象者はA県二市一町の県保健所と市町保健師とし、調査項目は保健師としての被災地支援経験の有無と、平常時、災害発生から復旧・復興対策期における災害保健活動についてのセルフ・エフィカシーで、無記名自記式調査票を郵送して回収し、探索的に調査した。

結果：回答者49名（回答率98％）の結果より、被災地支援経験がある者（19名）は、緊急対策期の「避難者への健康相談の実施」（37％）、「二次的健康被害の防止」（37％）、復旧・復興対策期の「支援者・職員の健康管理」（32％）が「できる」とし、経験の無い者よりもセルフ・エフィカシーが有意に高い値を示した（p＜0.05）。

結論：保健師としての被災地支援経験は、緊急対策期（フェーズ1）以後の一部の災害保健活動のセルフ・エフィカシーを高めることが示唆された。

Objective: Two cities and one town in Hiroshima Prefecture (jurisdiction A) are located in mountainous, insular, and urban areas, respectively. The present exploratory study was aimed to identify the self-efficacy of public health nurses (PHNs) in disaster health activities under normal conditions in this area, half a year before torrential rains hit West Japan in July 2018.

Methods: A survey using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire targeting 50 PHNs enrolled in jurisdiction A from June 2016 to December 2017 was conducted and 49 valid responses were received.

Results: Based on the responses received, we focused on 19 persons with experience in supporting disaster-stricken areas as a PHN. Their significantly high self-efficacy was noted in disaster health activities under emergency countermeasures such as “health counseling for evacuees” (37%) and “preventing secondary health damage” (37%), as well as “health care of staff and supporters” (32%) at the time of restoration (p<0.05).

Conclusion: PHNs with experience in providing support in disaster-stricken areas showed high self-efficacy in disaster health activities related to emergency countermeasures.