老老介護を行っている主介護者の生活満足度に影響する要因

Factors Affecting Life Satisfaction Among Older Adult Primary Caregivers of Elderly Family Members

要旨

　目的：在宅で老老介護を行っている主介護者の生活満足度に影響する要因を明らかにする．

　方法：訪問看護を利用している65歳以上の療養者とその介護を半年以上担う65歳以上の主介護者92名を対象に，聞き取り調査を行った．調査内容は，年齢，性別，介護期間，生活満足度，介護負担感，精神健康度，ストレス対処能力（SOC）であった．主介護者の生活満足度を従属変数とした多重ロジスティック回帰分析を行った．

　結果および考察：分析の結果，主介護者の生活満足度が高い者は，低い者よりもSOCが高く，介護負担感が低下しており，介護期間，介護負担感およびSOCが関連していた．これは，主介護者のSOCが高いことにより介護に対するストレスを適切に対処できたため介護負担感が低下し，生活満足度が高くなったと考えられる．

　結論：主介護者の生活満足度に影響する要因として介護期間，介護負担感，SOCが重要であることが示唆された．

　Objective: The purpose of this study to identify the factors that affect life satisfaction levels in older adult individuals who are the primary caregivers for elderly family members.

　Method: We visited and interviewed a total of 92 study participants consisting of home nursing recipients aged ≥65 years and their primary caregivers of at least 6 months who were also aged ≥65 years. Our survey contained questions on the participant's age, sex, duration of care, life satisfaction (LSI-K), perceived care burden (J-ZBI), mental health status (CES-D8), and sense of coherence (SOC; SOC13-5). We then performed multiple logistic regression analysis on the survey caregivers' life satisfaction as the dependent variable.

　Results and Discussion: The results of our analysis indicated that the primary caregivers with a high level of life satisfaction (LSI-K) had a higher SOC (SOC13-5) and lower perceived care burden (J-ZBI) than those with low life satisfaction (LSI-K), and that duration of care, perceived care burden (J-ZBI) and SOC (SOC13-5) were all involved in this outcome. That is, the higher levels of life satisfaction (LSI-K) seen in some of the primary caregivers in this study could be attributed to a high SOC (SOC13-5) that allowed them to properly cope with care-related stress, thereby reducing their perceived care burden (J-ZBI).

　Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that duration of care, perceived care burden (J-ZBI) and SOC (SOC13-5) are all important factors that affect the life satisfaction (LSI-K) of older adult primary caregivers.