女性看護師の孤独感とSense of Coherenceおよびソーシャル・サポートとの関連性の検討—世代別の検討

The Impact of Loneliness, Sense of Coherence, and Social Support Among Female Nurses: Examination by Generation

要旨

　目的：女性看護師のメンタルヘルスに影響する要因として孤独感に着目し，Sense of Coherence（SOC）およびソーシャル・サポートとの関連を世代別に検討した．

　方法：一般病院8施設に勤務する20歳代から60歳代の女性看護師662名に自記式質問紙調査を行い，有効回答数（率）は335名（50.6％）であった．青年期（20〜29歳），成人期（30〜39歳），中高年期（40〜68歳）の3群に分けて，SOC，ソーシャル・サポートおよび個人要因を説明変数，孤独感を目的変数とした重回帰分析を行った．

　結果：青年期はSOC，同僚からのサポート，年齢に，成人期はSOC，家族/友人からのサポートに，中高年期はSOC，家族/友人からのサポート，子どもがいることに孤独感との負の有意な関連を認めた．

　結論：女性看護師の孤独感を軽減するには，ライフサイクルを加味して，SOCを高める支援やソーシャル・サポートを整えることが有効である．

　Purpose: We focused on loneliness as a factor influencing the mental health of female nurses, and examined its association with Sense of Coherence and social support in different generations.

　Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 662 female nurses in their 20s to 60s working at eight general hospitals. Among these responses, 335 (50.6%) were valid for the analysis. They were divided into three groups: adolescence (20-29 years old), adulthood (30-39 years old), and middle and old age (40-68 years old), and multiple regression analysis was conducted with Sense of Coherence, social support, and individual factors as explanatory variables, and loneliness as the objective variable.

　Results: Subjects' feeling of loneliness was negatively and significantly affected by the following factors: Sense of Coherence, support from co-workers, and age in adolescence; Sense of Coherence and support from family members and friends in adulthood; and Sense of Coherence, support from family members and friends, and having children in middle and old age.

　Conclusion: The support of enhancing Sense of Coherence and the development of social support by taking into account their life cycle were effective in reducing the loneliness among female nurses.