災害復興期の仮設住宅に暮らす高齢者のストレス対処能力を高めるプログラム開発

Program development to raise the stress-coping ability of an elderly person living in temporary housing during a disaster recovery phase

要　　旨

目的：災害復興期の仮設住宅に暮らす高齢者のストレス対処能力（Sense of Coherence，以下，SOC）を高めるプログラムを開発し，有用性を検討する．

方法：被災高齢者のSOCを高めるための，ワークショップを取り入れたプログラムを作成した．東日本大震災により被災したA町の仮設住宅に暮らす高齢者22名を対象にプログラムを実施し，アウトカム評価及びプロセス評価により有用性を検討した．

結果：全3回のワークショップに参加し，実施前後の質問紙調査に回答した15名の高齢者を分析対象としたアウトカム評価では，ワークショップへ参加することによってSOCが向上し，主観的健康感およびうつ傾向が改善した．プロセス評価では，作成したプログラムに基づき，ワークショップの一部に改良を加えながら実施し，参加者の満足感も高かったことを確認した．

結論：被災高齢者を対象にしたSOCを高めるプログラムは，精神面での健康の改善につながる可能性が示唆された．自然災害が多発する我が国において，災害復興期の被災高齢者への看護に活用していける可能性がある．

1. Purpose:

　To implement and examine the usefulness of the program, which has been developed to raise the Sense of Coherence（SOC）of elderly persons in the disaster-afflicted areas who have been living in temporary housing during the disaster recovery phase.

2. Method:

　We created a workshop incorporating a program to raise the SOC of disaster-struck elderly persons.

　We conducted a program for 22 elderly individuals living in temporary housing in a town that had suffered disaster-related damage. We examined the usefulness of the program based on evaluation of the outcome and the process.

3. Results:

　Our subjects consisted of 15 elderly individuals who had participated in all three workshops, and who had responded to the questionnaire surveys before and after the workshops. The results of our outcome evaluation indicated that the SOC of elderly individuals who initially had a low SOC was raised by participating in the workshops, leading us to believe that their subjective sense of being healthy and their depression tendency would improve.

　The results of our process evaluation indicated that the program had been carried out as conceived and that the participants had been highly satisfied with it.

4. Conclusion:

　It was suggested that the implementation of the proposed program would result in raising the SOC of affected elderly persons. This may lead to improvement in mental health.

　There is a possibility that we may successfully implement SOC programs for elderly people who reside in areas in a disaster-recovery phase.