病院看護婦への質問紙調査からみた災害看護に関する課題

Investigation of Disaster Nursing Issues: Questionnaire Survey of Hospital Nurses

要旨

　1995年の兵庫県南部地震をきっかけに災害看護の必要性が看護界に強く意識づけられているものの、看護界における災害看護の文献は少なく、看護婦の災害看護に関する認識の低さは震災後も改善されていないという報告もある。それは災害看護システムが確立されてはい、ないためと考えられ、災害看護支援システム構築のための基礎的資料を得ることを目的に研究を行った。文献検索からの動向を参考にして阪神地区の病院看護婦を対象に災害看護に関する意識調査を行い、災害看護に関する課題の抽出のため、災害時の看護婦の対応、災害看護学の必要性等について調査し検討した。その結果、病院看護婦の防災に関する認識は改善されていなかった。病院の防災マニュアルの内容の周知徹底をはかるとともに見直しの必要があり、災害看護に貢献できる看護婦養成のためには、現在の看護婦養成カリキュラムの見直しと、卒後教育のあり方を考える必要がある。

Abstract

　Since the 1995 earthquake in Southern Hyogo Prefecture, the necessity for disaster nursing has been recognized, but there is little to be found in the literature about this subject. It has also been reported that nurses' low-level awareness of disaster nursing has not improved since the earthquake. The reason for this may be that a disaster nursing system has yet to be established, and the purpose of this study was to discover basic materials for the construction of a disaster nursing support system. After a review of the literature, nurses at hospitals in the Hanshin district were surveyed concerning their consciousness of disaster nursing. In order to clarify the issue of disaster nursing, the questionnaire asked about the responses of nurses at the time of a disaster, the necessity for training in disaster nursing, and other topics. The results showed that hospital nurses' awareness of disaster prevention had not improved. This study indicates the necessity for review of, and thorough familiarity with, the contents of hospital disaster prevention manuals. In order to train nurses who can contribute to disaster nursing, it is necessary to review the present nurse training curriculum, and to consider the nature of post-graduate education.