介護保険施設・社会福祉施設における災害への備え

Disaster-preparedness in Long-term Care Insurance Facilities and Social Welfare Facilities

要旨

　本研究の目的は、介護保険施設・社会福祉施設の災害への備えに関する実態調査からこれら施設の災害に対する課題と勤務する看護職者の備えを明らかにし、看護協会が行える支援に関する示唆を得ることである。研究方法としてA看護協会に登録している介護保険施設・社会福祉施設90施設に先行研究をもとに作成した自記式調査用紙を用いて郵送にて調査を行った。その結果、53施設（58.9％）から回答を得た。災害対策組織のある施設は28施設（52.8％）であり、マニュアルは46施設（86.8％）が有していた。施設の防災に関する整備状況の確認では、物品の落下防止や備品の固定が3割程度の施設でしかできていなかった。災害への対策評価では満足と回答した施設が少なく、支援ナースの認知も高いといえなかった。看護協会においては研修を通して、防災対策や災害支援ナースに関する情報提供を行って行く必要がある。

Abstract

　This study was conducted to identify problems of disasters in long-term care insurance facilities and social welfare facilities as well as preparedness of nurses working at such establishments. To obtain suggestions on support that nursing associations can offer,a survey of current conditions was conducted using self-description questionnaires developed on the basis of earlier studies. A total of 53 among 90 questionnaires mailed to long-term care insurance facilities and social welfare facilities registered in a nursing association selected for the study were returned with valid responses(58.9%). According to the results, 28 facilities individually had an organization for disaster countermeasures(52.8%)and 46 had their own manual for disaster prevention and response(86.8%). In the area of improving anti-disaster measures in facility environments,only 30% of facilities had taken steps such as preventing falling objects and fixing equipment. The survey also showed that few facilities were highly regarded in terms of disaster preparedness,and that nurses were still unfamiliar with the concept of a disaster relief nursing system. Nursing associations are expected to further provide information about disaster-preparedness and disaster relief nurses through training.