自然災害に対する病院看護部の備え測定尺度の開発—信頼性と妥当性の検討

Development of Natural Disaster Preparedness Scale for Nursing Department of Hospital: Reliability and Validity as Scale

要旨

目的：本研究の目的は，作成した自然災害に対する病院看護部の備え測定尺度の信頼性と妥当性を検証することである．

方法：尺度項目は文献検討等から作成し，専門家による修正，プレテストを経て，「計画」49項目，「組織化」11項目，「装備」14項目，「トレーニング」22項目，「予行演習」9項目，「評価と改善」9項目の114項目で作成された．対象は全国4,298施設の病院看護部であった．調査は郵送法で実施し，分析には相関係数，信頼性係数等を用いた．調査期間は2013年5〜6月であった．

結果：723施設から回答があり，有効回答は555施設（12.9％）であった．信頼性についてα係数は尺度全体得点で0.987，下位尺度ごとのα係数も0.843〜0.971であった．基準関連妥当性，構成概念妥当性も確保された．

結論：項目数が多いという課題は残るが，この尺度は自然災害に対する病院看護部の備えを測定するための有用性を認めた．

Objective: The purpose of this study was to verify reliability and validity of the Natural Disaster Preparedness Scale for Nursing Department of Hospital that we had prepared.

Method: The items for the scale were extracted from materials including literatures, and corrected and pretested by specialists. The scale consisted of the following 114 items: 49 in “Plan,” 11 in “Organize,” 14 in “Equip,” 22 in “Train,” 9 in “Exercise” and 9 in “Evaluate and Improve.” The subjects included nursing departments of 4,298 hospitals in Japan. The survey was made via postal mails, and analyses were made using correlation coefficient and reliability coefficient. The survey was conducted from May to June 2013.

Results: Responses were obtained from 723 hospitals. Of these, 555 facilities (12.9%) had sent valid answers. For reliability, alpha-coefficient for the entire scale score was 0.987, and that for each subscale was 0.843-0.971. The criterion-referenced validity and construct validity were also verified.

Conclusion: Although the number of items is still too large, this scale is useful to measure preparedness against natural disasters in hospital nursing departments.