病院看護部の災害への備え意識の基礎的研究

Fundamental Study of Preparedness Consciousness to Disaster of Japanese Hospital Nursing Department

要旨

　目的：病院看護部の災害に関する備えの現状や意識，取り組み状況について課題を明らかにする．

　研究方法：研究対象は病院看護部の代表者とし，質問紙を郵送，回答はWeb，郵送で求めた．調査内容は，先行研究を参考に属性，病院看護部の災害に関する備えの現状，防災への意識や備えに対する考えや実情とした．

　倫理的配慮：調査は無記名で行い，研究代表者の所属する研究倫理委員会の承認を得て実施した．

　結果：1,986件で分析を行い，災害拠点病院は414施設（20.8％）であった．災害に関する備えの現状では，設備準備は備蓄（91.0％），対策組織（77.4％）があり，災害拠点病院の指定の有無で結果は異なった．

　結論：備蓄やマニュアル等は整備されてきているが，備え意識は低い．総じて災害拠点病院の備えは，指定を受けていない病院よりも備えられているが，派遣体制や支援後のメンタル支援体制は，同じ状況であった．

　Aim: The present study, involving the nursing departments of Japanese hospitals, aimed to examine the status of their preparedness for and awareness of disasters, efforts to address it, and related problems.

　Methods: The subjects were people who represent nursing departments of hospitals in Japan. They were asked to respond, on a webpage or by mail, to a questionnaire sent to them. Based on the results of previous studies, a survey of the following items was conducted: the attributes of people in nursing departments, the status of their preparedness for and awareness of disasters, and their attitudes and views.

　Ethical considerations: An anonymous survey was conducted with the approval of the research ethics committee of the institute of the principal investigator.

　Results: Analysis of 1,986 responses was conducted. The number of disaster base hospitals was 414 (20.8%). Regarding the status of preparedness for disasters in relation to facilities, there were differences in stocks of supplies (91.0%) and organizations to develop measures (77.4%) between the two types of health care institution: hospitals that had/had not been designated as disaster base hospitals.

　Conclusion: Although people in the nursing departments of Japanese hospitals had stocks of supplies and manuals to respond to emergency situations, their awareness of disasters was low. Although disaster base hospitals had made greater efforts for preparedness than other health care institutions in general, there were no differences in systems for the dispatch of nursing staff and mental support following the provision of nursing care between the two types of hospital.