小児の胸部救急疾患：肺炎を軸に

Radiological findings of pediatric respiratory emergencies：pneumonia and differential diagnoses

胸部救急疾患において，呼吸苦はほぼ必発である。「小児の呼吸苦」という画像を前にしたとき，「呼吸苦」の鑑別を進めるうえで，「小児」特有の鑑別疾患が加わるが，本稿では，この「小児」特有の鑑別疾患や基礎疾患について少し馴染みをもってもらうことを目標として，概説していきたいと思う。

There are many causes of pediatric respiratory distress, which needs a prompt management to avoid severe hypoxic complication. Pneumonia is a leading cause of emergency department visits and usually curable with suitable treatment. But patients with recurrent pneumonia or unusual community acquired pneumonia may have serious underlying condition such as primary immunodeficiency disorder. Other causes include diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage, trachebronchial foreign body, congenital tracheal stenosis, vascular ring, and congenital heart disease. Although these conditions are less frequent, infection can exacerbate symptoms and trigger an awareness of these underlying disorders.