全国の避難行動要支援者計画の実態調査—災害関連死を予防する個別避難計画に向けて

Survey on plans for evacuation persons requiring support in Japan: Toward Individual Evacuation Plans to prevent disaster-related deaths

要約

目的：既存の全国の避難行動要支援者計画の実態を明らかにし、災害関連死予防につながる避難生活を含む個別避難計画のあり方について検討することである。

方法：インターネットにて全国の避難行動要支援者計画を収集し、内容の特徴をまとめ、計量テキスト分析にて頻出語とその関係性を抽出した。

結果：計画は内閣府避難行動要支援者の避難行動支援に関する取組指針に順ずる内容で、一部地域でのみ、健康的な避難生活、要配慮者のセルフケアに関する内容も含まれていた。また計画における出現回数が多かった上位10語は〔避難〕、〔支援〕、〔要支援〕、〔行動〕、〔災害〕、〔情報〕、〔名簿〕、〔必要〕、〔地域〕、〔関係〕となっていた。

結論：災害関連死を予防し、健康的な避難生活を送るには、避難行動支援のみならず、避難後の生活を見据えたセルフケアの視点を含んだ具体的な個別避難計画を作成する必要があることが示唆された。

Objective: This study aims to clarify the actual status of plans for evacuation persons requiring support in Japan in order to study the ideal form of individual evacuation plans including evacuation life that lead to prevention of disaster-related deaths.

Methods: We collected plans for evacuation personnel requiring support in Japan via the internet and analyzed the contents. The features of plans were summarized, and frequently appearing words and their relationships were extracted by quantitative text analysis.

Results: Most of the plans were standardized according to the Cabinet Office's “Guidelines for Efforts to Support Evacuation Actions by Persons Requiring Assistance for Evacuation Actions,” guidelines, but some plans included information on healthy evacuation life and self-care for persons requiring assistance. The top ten most frequently occurring words in the plan were [Evacuation], [Support], [Support needed], [Action], [Disaster], [Information], [Directory], [Need], [Community] and [Relationship].

Conclusion: The study suggested that prevention of disaster-related deaths requires plans including not only evacuation support but also self-care perspectives and specific individual evacuation plans for healthy evacuation life is important.