看護学教育における臨地実習

Clinical nursing practice in nursing education

　本稿では，看護師の国家試験受験資格を得るための看護基礎教育はどのような教育内容であるのか，その教育において実習はどのような位置づけにあるか，また実習の効果的な成果を期待して教員は具体的にどのような準備を行うのか，実習をどのように実施しているかについて述べた．実習は講義-演習-実習の一環として，授業として捉えることが重要である．実習での学習成果を得るには，授業としての実習の準備，実習先と教育機関との密接な連絡調整，実習目標の共通理解，事前・事後の学習とフィードバックなどは特に重要である．

　This report is focused on clinical practice in basic nursing education.　In particular we will consider①courses of clinical practice in relation to the nursing curriculum, ②students' and teachers' preparation for clinical practice in order to gain the best outcomes, and③how students learn in clinical practice.　Clinical practice should be regarded as a teaching-learning process along with classroom and clinical laboratory learning.　Sufficient preparation as a teaching-learning process, sufficient information exchange between the educational institution and clinical institutions, shared understanding of the objectives of each clinical practice among teacher-student-clinical instructors, pre and post studies and appropriate feedback are especially important to gain the best outcomes from a successful clinical practice.