デルファイ調査による看護教育者と看護実践者が合意する看護基礎教育卒業時の看護技術の到達目標と到達度に関する検討

Determining Goals and Achievement Levels of Nursing Skills at Graduation upon Which Both Nursing Educators and Clinical Practice Experts Can Agree: A Delphi Study

要旨

　目的：教育と臨床の専門家が合意する看護基礎教育卒業時の看護技術の到達目標と到達度を明らかにする．

　方法：デルファイ法により，看護の教育者91名および看護実践者98名の専門家の協力を得て158項目の看護技術の到達目標に関する質問紙調査を3回実施した．

　結果：到達目標は143項目に絞られ，うち138項目は教育者・看護実践者合わせて80％以上の同意率，残り5項目も74～79％であり，ほぼ合意が得られた．それらは，到達度Ⅰ（ひとりで実施できる）が33項目，到達度Ⅱ（指導のもとで実施できる）が53項目であり，日常生活行動援助の看護技術が多く含まれた．また到達度Ⅲ（学内演習で実施できる）が20項目，到達度Ⅳ（知識としてわかる）が37項目であり診療に伴う看護技術が多く含まれた．

　結論：明らかになった到達目標と到達度は，看護基礎教育と継続教育のギャップを埋め，看護技術教育の充実をはかる上で有用な基礎資料になると考える．

Abstract

　Purpose：The objective of this research was to identify goals and achievement levels of nursing skills at graduation upon which both nursing educators and clinical practice experts can agree.

　Methods：With the cooperation of 91 nursing educators and 98 clinical practice experts, 158 items regarding these goals and achievement levels were iteratively reviewed three times by a Delphi method using a questionnaire.

　Results：Based on this feedback, these goals and achievement levels were finally narrowed down to 143 items, of which 138 items obtained greater than 80% approval from both nursing educators and clinical practice experts, and the remaining 5 items obtained 74.79% approval, indicating high overall approval rates. The goals of nursing skills consist of four achievement levels： 33 items in level I（able to perform independently） and 53 items in level II（able to perform under supervision）, where both levels have many items about nursing skills with respect to support of daily life activities； 20 items in level III（able to perform in nursing skills laboratories） and 37 items in level IV（understand as knowledge）, where both of these levels include many items about nursing skills accompanying medical treatment.

　Conclusion：We believe the results of this questionnaire study will help bridge the gap between education and clinical practice, leading to more coherent nursing skills education programs.