2型糖尿病患者の炭水化物摂取に関する認識

Type 2 Diabetes Patients' Awareness of Carbohydrate Consumption

要旨

　目的：2型糖尿病患者の炭水化物摂取に関する認識を明らかにする．

　方法：20〜75歳の2型糖尿病患者11名に半構造化面接を行い，質的記述的に分析した．

　結果：対象者11名の炭水化物摂取に関する認識は，【炭水化物を食べすぎない工夫をしている】【炭水化物に関する知識があいまい】【簡単に摂取できる炭水化物を好んで食べる】【炭水化物に関して付随して起こる感情】【生活や食事制限のストレスが重なることがきっかけで逸脱行動をとる】【満足感を満たす炭水化物】の6つのカテゴリーが抽出された．

　結論：2型糖尿病患者は，炭水化物について手軽に満足感の得やすい食品と認識して摂取しており，生活や食事制限へのストレスの対処ができなくなると，炭水化物を渇望し逸脱行動へ繋がっていた．対象者全員が一度は栄養指導を受けていたが，次第に炭水化物に関する認識は曖昧になり，誤った認識が自己管理に組み込まれるようになっていた．

　Purpose: To explore the awareness that diabetes patients have about their carbohydrate consumption.

　Methods: Semi-structured interviews were held with eleven patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 20 to 75. A qualitative and descriptive analysis was performed to explore their awareness of carbohydrate intake.

　Results: Six categories were identified; 1) “making efforts not to overeat”; 2) “vague knowledge about carbohydrates”; 3) “preferences for eating carbohydrates that are easy to obtain”; 4) “general feelings about carbohydrates” ; 5) deviant eating behaviors triggered by accumulated stress resulting from lifestyle or dietary restrictions”; and 6) “eating carbohydrates to gain satisfaction”.

　Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes patients consume carbohydrates, and regard them as the food that satisfies them most easily. When they fail to deal with the stress resulting from their lifestyle or dietary restrictions, they yearn for carbohydrates, which leads them to deviant eating behaviors. All of them had received nutrition education at least once; however, their awareness became vague over time, and wrong perceptions and misconceptions undermined their dietary self-management.