乳幼児を子育て中の母親から子どもへの「愛着−養育バランス」に影響する内的要因—母親の被養育体験と内的作業モデルの影響

Internal Factors that Impact the Attachment-Caregiving Balance from Mother to Infant—The Impact of a Mother's Parental Bonding Experience and Internal Working Model

要旨

目的：母親の養育システムの発達に母親の被養育体験（PBI）及び内的作業モデル（IWM）がどう影響しているかを明らかにし，養育者としての発達を促す支援のための基礎資料を得る．

方法：産後1か月時からの継続調査に同意の得られた母親を対象に自記式質問紙調査を実施し，本論文では産後12か月，18か月，2〜3年時に有効回答の得られた150名を分析対象とした．調査内容は，属性，養育システムの発達（愛着−養育バランス），PBI，IWMである．

結果：愛着−養育バランスは3つの時期間で相関がみられた．12か月時の愛着−養育バランスはPBIと，18か月時の愛着−養育バランスはIWMと相関がみられ，PBIとIWMも相関がみられた．共分散構造分析ではPBIはIWMに影響し，養育システムの発達に影響していた．PBIから養育システムの発達への直接的な影響はなかった．

結論：PBIはIWMを介して2〜3年時の養育システムの発達に影響しており，母親の被養育体験の認知を変容することが養育者としての発達を促す支援に繋がる可能性が示唆された．

Aims: This research aims to clarify how a mother's experience of parental bonding (PBI) and internal working model (IWM) impact the development of the mother's caregiving system, and obtain basic data to provide support that promotes development as a caregiver.

Method: A self-administered questionnaire was given to mothers who consented to participate in continuous research starting at 1-month postpartum. This paper discusses analysis of 150 mothers from whom valid responses were received at 12 months, 18 months, and 2-3 years postpartum. Research content covers attributes, development of the caregiving system (attachment-caregiving balance), PBI, and IWM.

Results: Correlations with the attachment-caregiving balance were seen in the 3 postpartum periods. A correlation between the attachment-caregiving balance and PBI was seen at 12 months postpartum, and between the attachment-caregiving balance and IWM at 18 months postpartum. Structural equation modeling shows PBI impacted IWM and development of the caregiving system at 2-3 years postpartum. PBI had no direct impact on development of the caregiving system.

Conclusion: A mother's PBI impacts the development of the caregiving system at 2-3 years postpartum through IWM. This suggests that changing a mother's awareness of PBI may lead to support that promotes development as a caregiver.