母親の子どもに対する「愛着―養育バランス」尺度の開発 第1報―母親から子どもへの「愛着」「養育」の構成因子の抽出

Developing a Scale to Measure Mothers' “Attachment.Caregiving Balance” toward Children Report I: Generating the Factor Structure of Mothers' “Attachment” and“ Caregiving” toward Children

要旨

　目的：母親から子どもへの「愛着」「養育」の構成因子を抽出し，項目の信頼性と妥当性を検討することである．

　方法：構成因子として「適応」「敏感性」「親密性」をあげ，それぞれに愛着的因子・養育的因子の定義づけを行い計6因子とした．文献および自己で作成した244項目を，定義に則って母性・助産の専門家と検討し60項目まで絞り込みを行った．1か月児，1歳6か月児を持つ母親344名への自記式質問紙による調査の結果から，項目の信頼性と妥当性の検討を行い，項目を絞り込んだ．

　結果：項目分析の結果を照らし合わせ，項目を入れ替えながらクロンバックのα係数を比較し，30項目を選出した．30項目のクロンバックのα係数は0.882であり，探索的因子分析では6因子が抽出された．

　結論：抽出された6因子は想定したものと完全に一致はしなかったが，愛着的因子・養育的因子には想定通り分かれており，項目の信頼性と妥当性は支持された．

Abstract

　Objective: The objectives of this study were to generate the factor structure of mothers' “attachment” and “caregiving” toward their children, and to examine the reliability and validity of measurement items created.

　Methods: A three-factor structure, “adaptability,” “sensitivity,” and “intimacy,” was selected, and each was further defined by two categories based on “attachment” and “caregiving” factors, which generated six factors in total. Then, 244 items were developed to measure these factors based on the relevant literature along with the author's original items. These were narrowed down to 60 items according to the definitions of each factor as defined by “motherhood” and “midwifery” experts. Based on the results of a self-administered questionnaire survey involving 344 mothers with a 1-month-old or 18-month-old child, the validity and reliability of each item was examined to further narrow the selection.

　Results: Results from item analysis and comparisons of Cronbach's alpha coefficient of various 30-item combinations yielded a selection with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.882. The exploratory factor analysis yielded a six-factor solution.

　Conclusion: While the six factors found in this analysis did not perfectly match the anticipated ones, the items were divided into the attachment and caregiving factors as expected, which demonstrated good reliability and validity of the items.