母親の子どもに対する「愛着―養育バランス」尺度の開発 第2報―尺度としての信頼性と妥当性

Developing a Scale to Measure Mothers' “Attachment-Caregiving Balance” toward Children Report Ⅱ：Reliability and Validity as Scale

要旨

　目的：母親から子どもへの「愛着」「養育」を測定する「愛着－養育バランス」尺度の信頼性と妥当性を検討する．

　方法：1か月，6か月～1歳未満，1歳6か月の子どもを持つ母親630名を対象に自記式質問紙調査を行った．「適応」「敏感性」「親密性」それぞれの愛着的因子・養育的因子の計6因子で構成された「愛着－養育バランス」尺度と，設定した外部指標を調査内容とし，尺度の信頼性・妥当性を検討した．

　結果：クロンバックのα係数0.882，探索的因子分析ではおおむね想定した因子構造が得られた．確認的因子分析ではGFI=.842，AGFI=.812，RMSEA=.074であった．既知グループ法で有意差がみられ，外部指標とは有意な相関がみられたが，0.7以上の相関ではなかった．

　結論：基準関連妥当性に検討の余地は残ったが，信頼性，構成概念妥当性は支持され，母親の養育者としての発達を測定する尺度として使用可能といえる．

Abstract

　Objective: This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Attachment-Caregiving Balance Scale which measures mothers' “attachment” and “caregiving” toward their children.

　Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 630 mothers who had children aged 1 month old, 6-11 months old, and/or 18 months old. The survey was conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the Scale using six factors (the factors of “adaptability,” “sensitivity,” and “intimacy” for each of the “attachment” and “caregiving” categories) and other external indices.

　Results: Cronbach's α was 0.882, and exploratory factor analysis found a factor structure quite similar to what was expected. The results of confirmatory factor analysis were a goodness of fit index value of 0.842, an adjusted goodness of fit index value of 0.812, and a root mean square error of approximation value of 0.074. Significant differences were found by known groups analysis, and there was also a significant correlation, albeit below 0.7, with the external indices.

　Conclusion: While criterion-related validity should be further examined, reliability and construct-related validity were supported, indicating that the scale can be used to measure the development of mothers as caregivers.