乳幼児を養育する母親のしつけと虐待の境界の様相

Aspects of the Boundary between Discipline and Abuse by Mothers Raising Preschool Age Children

要旨

目的：乳幼児を養育する母親のしつけと虐待の境界の様相を明らかにする．

方法：母親26名にしつけと虐待の境界と思われた体験を中心に半構造化面接を行い，修正版グラウンデッド・セオリー・アプローチを用いて質的に分析した．

結果：しつけと虐待の境界に関連する様相として【母親が感情的になると無意識に押し付けてしまう子どもへのパワー】，【子どもの属性で異なるしつけ】が抽出された．その他に【しつけに対する他者評価の優位性】，【理想の母親像や母親としての責任感から蓄積する疲弊】，【周囲の支援や母親自身の力によって変化する心の余裕】が示された．

結論：しつけと虐待の境界の様相では，感情優位となった時に子どもへのパワーが生じること，境界は子どもの属性で異なることが明らかになった．母親は他者評価を重視し，理想や責任感から疲弊していた．また母親の余裕はサポートや母親自身の力によって左右された．感情のコントロール法や知識の提供，母親への評価的サポート，コミュニティ拡大への支援，有効な社会資源の提供が示唆された．

Objective: To analyze and clarify aspects of the boundary between discipline and abuse by mothers raising preschool age children based on analysis of narratives regarding parenting behaviors.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted on 26 mothers raising preschool-age children focusing on the experiences they considered to reflect the boundary between discipline and abuse. Interview transcripts were qualitatively analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach.

Results: Categories reflecting aspects relating to the boundary between discipline and abuse were extracted as follows: “power to overwhelm the child unconsciously when their mother becomes emotional” and “differences in discipline depending on the attributes of the child”. Additional categories included “superiority of other people's appraisal of discipline”; “accumulated fatigue from idealized images and responsibilities as a mother”; and “peace of mind to change according to surrounding support and mother's capabilities”.

Conclusion: The present findings suggest that subconscious power possessed by the mother over the child and the child's attributes comprise aspects of the boundary between discipline and abuse by mothers raising preschool-age children. Mother were deeply exhausted from how they are perceived by others as important. Mother's allowance were influenced by social support and mother's own power. Emotional control method, provide knowledge due to child's attributes, evaluative support for mothers, support for mothers' community expansion, and provide effective social resources were found to be important forms of parenting support for mothers.