若手看護師の離職意向に関連する個人要因と組織要因の検討―1年目と5年目の比較

Individual and Organizational Factors Influencing Turnover among Young Nurses: Comparison between One and Five Years of Experience

要旨

　【目的】経験1年目と5年目の看護師の離職意向に影響する要因を検討し，若手看護師の職業継続のための職場環境づくりについて示唆を得ることを目的とした．

　【方法】2007年9～10月に近畿・東海・関東圏の13病院に勤務する経験5年未満の若手看護師2,443名を対象に質問紙調査を実施した．今回の分析対象は，1年目347名と5年目240名，合計587名とした．

　【結果】1年目，5年目に共通して離職意向と関連があった組織要因は，話しやすい雰囲気，学習意欲，休憩空間，夜勤回数，給料であり，個人要因は研修活用度であった．1年目のみ関連があった要因は助け合いと自尊感情であり，5年目のみは，話し合う場，役割達成意識，ケア物品，ケア設備，勤務の融通のよさ，年休取得率であった．

　【結論】職業継続のための職場環境づくりのためには，話しやすい環境づくり，業務に見合った報酬の提供，休息の確保，個人的要因に配慮した学習環境の整備が重要である．さらに1年目では，教育体制の整備，5年目では話し合える場，ライフスタイルに合わせられる勤務体制の整備が重要であると考えられた．

Abstract

　【Purpose】The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing turnover and intention to resign among young Japanese nurses, particularly nurses with 1 and 5 years of experience, and to suggest a healthy work environment to continue with their career.

　【Methods】From September to October 2007,we conducted a questionnaire survey among 2,443 nurses with less than 5 years of experience. This survey was conducted at 13 hospitals in Kansai, Tokai, and Kanto areas. We considered 2 groups comprising 587 nurses；the first group comprised 347 nurses with less than 1 year of experience, and the second comprised 240 nurses who had between 4 and 5 years of experience.

　【Results】Organizational factors related to the intention to resign in both groups were freedom to talk to coworkers, staffmotivation to learn, availability of space for resting,frequency of night work and salary, and the individual factor was the degree of which training was put to good use. In the group of nurses with 1 year experience, significant factors such as helping each other and self-esteem were observed. Significant factors in the other group included having meetings to discuss with each other, coworker consciousness to fulfill one's role, tools and facilities for nursing, a flexible shift and the ease with which paid vacation could be taken.

　【Conclusion】For young nurses to continue their career, it was important for them to feel free to talk to coworkers, receive appropriate reward for their performance, rest on site, take paid vacations and have the support of an educational environment individually. An education environment was important for novice nurses in particular. For nurses with 4 to 5 years of experience, ability to discuss matters with each other and to be able to adapt their work to their personal life was important.