看護師のバーンアウト生起から離職願望に至るプロセスモデルの検討

The Burnout Process Model from the Occurrence through Intention to Quit among Nurses

要旨

　本研究は，病棟看護師(N＝242)のバーンアウト生起から離職願望に至るプロセスモデルの検討を，Amos5.0により共分散構造分析で行った．調査は，自尊感情尺度，絶望感尺度，バーンアウト尺度(Maslach Burnout Inventory：MBI)，離職願望尺度の4尺度からなる質問紙を用いた．5つの構成概念(自尊感情，絶望感，情緒的消耗感，脱人格化，離職願望)から構成されるモデルの適合度指標はいずれも十分に高かった．看護師のバーンアウトは，自尊感情の低下と看護職に対する絶望感の高まりにより，情緒的消耗感と脱人格化という形で生起した．さらに，脱人格化の進行により看護師の離職願望が高まることが示唆された．

Abstract

　The present study examined burnout process model among floor nurses (N=242) using structural equation modeling with Amos 5.0. The questionnaire of the study consisted of 4 scales：The Japanese version of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Self-Esteem Scale, Beck Hopelessness Inventory, and Intention to Quit Scale. The fit indexes of the structural equation model including 5constructs (Self-esteem, Hopelessness, Emotional-Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Intention to Quit) were all high enough. Burnout among nurses due to low self esteem and an increased sense of hopelessness towards their work appears in the form of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. These results suggest that their intention to quit is heightened by progress of their depersonalization.