新人看護師の離職につながる要因とそれを防ぐ要因

Factors to Quit Job and to Prevent It for New Nurses

要旨

　本研究は、新人看護師時代に感じた仕事上の壁や悩みとその対処法について調査を行い、新人看護師の離職につながる要因とそれを防ぐ要因を明らかにすることを目的とした。大学付属病院在職中の2年目看護師10人を対象に、半構成面接を実施し質的に分析を行った。その結果、離職に繋がる要因は【初めて体験する技術の連続】【臨床の実践レベルと大学での学びのギャップ】【先輩たちへの気兼ねと恐怖感】【同期に対する劣等感と自己の未熟さの認知】の4つが抽出され、これらを防いだ要因として【不明確な事柄への積極的な解決努力】【同期との悩みの共有とお互いの高め合い】【プリセプターと先輩の存在】【離職に対する冷静な判断と貫きとおす信念】の4つのカテゴリーが抽出された。新人看護師の離職を防ぐためには、臨床実践能力の育成と同期間の情報交換の場の提供と仕事に対する姿勢や信念を培う教育の必要性が明らかになった。

Abstract

　This research aim is to clarify the factors that prevent it and the factors that to be quit the job of new nurses. The research object, it was 10 nurses in the second year working at University Hospital. Trouble with the wall on the job you feel the rookie age, survey content is how to deal to them. The analysis was conducted qualitative analysis. As the result, factors that to be quit the job, the four [series of techniques to experience for the first time], [gap of learning at the university and practice level of clinical], [feeling of fear and hesitation to nurses], [The immaturity and self-feeling inferior to synchronize] has been extracted. Factors that prevented them was extracted four categories of [constructive effort to solve the unclear matters], [sharing their concerns with their colleagues], [existence of preceptor and senior nurses], and [Belief to pass pierced the calm judgment for job separation]. To prevent the job separation of novice nurse, provides some of the area of exchange of information of sync with each other and the development of clinical practice ability, the need for education to cultivate the belief and attitude toward work.