特別養護老人ホームの職場環境評価尺度の開発

Development of a Workplace Environment Evaluation Scale for Intensive Care Homes for the Elderly

要旨

　目的：特別養護老人ホーム（以下，特養とする）の職場環境評価尺度を開発し，信頼性と妥当性を検討することである．

　方法：予備調査の後，全国の特養300施設の看護職と介護職の1,800名を対象に，質問紙調査を実施した．

　結果：344名（回収率19.1％，有効回答率95.6％）の因子分析の結果，「上司の支援的役割」，「創造的業務改善」，「人事考課」，「施設長の任務」，「教育」，「介護職と看護職の協働」の6因子34項目で構成された．尺度の信頼性と妥当性を検討した結果，尺度全体のクロンバックα係数は，.956で，モデル適合度は，χ² = 1193.5，p < .001を示し，GFI = .837，AGFI = .812，CFI = .925，RMSEA = .059であった．また，外的基準との相関係数は，.204〜.916であった．

　結論：構成概念妥当性のデータへの当てはまりはやや劣るが，内的整合性，基準関連妥当性が一定の基準を満たした．特養の職場環境評価の指標として活用可能である．

　Purpose: This study aimed to develop and assess the reliability and validity of a workplace environment evaluation scale for intensive care homes for the elderly.

　Method: After the preliminary survey, a questionnaire-based survey was distributed to 1,800 nursing and care professionals working at 300 intensive care homes for the elderly across Japan.

　Results: Reliability and validity were examined using data from 344 respondents (recovery rate: 19.1%; effective response rate: 95.6%). Factor analysis revealed that responses consisted of 34 items in the following 6 factors: “the supportive role of supervisors,” “creative work improvements,” “employee evaluations,” “duties of the facility director,” “education,” and “collaboration between nursing and care professionals.” As a result of examining the reliability and validity, the Cronbach's α coefficient for the entire scale was .956, and the model's goodness of fit was χ² = 1193.5 (p < .001), with GFI = .837, AGFI = .812, CFI = .925, and RMSEA = .059. The correlation coefficient with the external criteria was within the range of .204 to .916.

　Conclusion: While the model leaves something to be desired with respect to the fit of the construct validity to the data, its internal consistency and criterion-related validity satisfied established criteria. The model can be used in the context of management that fully comprehends the workplace environment of intensive care homes for the elderly.