日本多施設共同コホート研究に参加した家族介護者における運動習慣とストレスの関連

Association Between Regular Exercise And Psychological Stress Among Family Caregivers Participated In Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study

要旨

　目的：家族介護者の運動習慣とストレスとの関連を非介護者との対比から明らかにする。

　方法：日本多施設共同コホート研究大幸研究に参加した家族介護者183名と、性別・年齢をマッチングした非介護者549名を対象とし、自記式質問紙を用いてストレスと運動習慣について測定した。ストレス測定には、ストレス自覚及び精神健康度尺度GHQ12を用い、運動習慣については余暇時間の運動状況を身体活動の強度と時間から算出するエクササイズに換算し測定した。

　結果・考察：両群の比較から、ストレス自覚は介護者群で割合が高く有意差が見られた（P＜0.001）がGHQでは有意差は見られなかった。また、運動状況の比較においても有意差は見られなかった。ストレスと運動習慣の関連では、非介護者群で有意差が見られたが（P＝0.002）、介護者群では見られなかった。家族介護者と非介護者とでは、運動習慣とストレスとの関係が異なることが推測された。

Abstract

　Aim: To investigate the association between regular exercise and psychological stress in family caregivers in Japan in comparison with non-caregivers.

　Methods: The subjects included 183 family caregivers and 549 non-caregivers, matched by age and sex, who participated in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study(J-MICC Study). Subjects completed self-report questionnaires about stress and exercise. The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and questions relating to self-perceived stress were used to assess psychological stress. Regular exercise during leisure time was evaluated using time and exercise intensity.

　Results: Self-perceived stress of family caregivers was significantly higher(P＜0.001) than that of nonfamily caregivers, although there was no between-group difference for the GHQ-12. In addition, there were no significant differences in the intensity and time of exercise between family caregivers and non-caregivers. No significant association was found between psychological stress and regular exercise in family caregivers whereas there was a significant association in non-caregivers(P=0.002).

　Conclusions: These results suggest a different association between psychological stress and regular exercise in Japanese family caregivers compared with non-caregivers.