臨床看護職者における災害看護ボランティア登録の要因

Factors affecting the registration of disaster nursing volunteers among clinical nurses

和文要約

　臨床看護職者における災害看護ボランティア登録の意向を規定する要因について質的分析を用いて検討した。その結果、臨床看護職者が、災害時の看護ボランティア活動への参加を決定する要因として、（a）看護専門職者としての使命感｡（b）災害時に対応しうる看護実践力、（c）所属施設の社会的役割遂行、（d）家族の安令の保障、（e）内発的動機づけ｡（f）災害看護ボランティアに対する認敵、（g）自己の健康状態に対する自信、（h）自己の安全の保障の8つの要因が明らかになった｡さらに｡看護職者が看護職としての使命感を感じた場合、ボランティアに登録する意志決定に繋がり、反対に、自己の所属施設を強く意識した場合や、災害時に対応しうる看護実践力がないと判断した場合、登録する意志決定に繋がり難いことが明らかになった。以上により、登録推進のためには、（a）所属施設に対する組織的アプローチ、（b）個々の看護職者に対する教育的アプローチ、および（c）災害看護ボランティア要員に対するシステムアプローチが不可欠であることを示唆した。

Abstract

　The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine the factors affecting the inclination of clinical nurses who register as disaster nursing volunteers. The population of the study consisted of 66 clinical nurses who attended a seminar concerning disaster nursing in 2004.

The following eight factors were identified:(a)their sense of duty as nursing professionals,(b)their practical ability required for disaster nursing,(c)the social roles of medical institutions to which they belonged,(d)the guarantee of their families' safety,(e)their spontaneous motivation,(f)their perception regarding disaster nursing volunteers,(g)their confidence about their health condition, and (h)the guarantee of their own safety. Furthermore, the relationship was identified between their sense of duty as nursing professionals and the registration of disaster nursing volunteers; on the other hand, their decision-making for registration was less likely seen among clinical nurses with a strong sense of belonging to their institutions, and those who felt their practical nursing ability was not sufficient to cope with disasters.

These findings indicated what practical and educational settings should address in order to promote volunteer registration. We asserted the significance of integrating three approaches:(a)an organizational approach to medical institutions,(b)an educational approach to individual nurses, and(c)a systematic approach to disaster nursing volunteers.