震災時に妊婦だった女性が再度妊娠した時の心身の健康状態

Investigating the Health Status of Pregnant Women Who Experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake during Their Previous Pregnancy

要約

　本研究の目的は、阪神淡路大震災時に妊婦だった女性が、再度妊娠したときの心身の健康状態を明らかにすることである。研究対象者は阪神淡路大震災時に妊娠が判明しており、本調査中に次子を妊娠している32名と、阪神淡路大震災時は妊婦ではなかった女性で、一人以上の子どもを有し、本調査中に妊娠をしている27名である。二群の対象者に対して半統制型質問紙を用いた面接調査を実施し、内容分析を行った。その結果、震災後の生活状況の困難さとともに、身体のストレス反応や妊婦としての生活や分娩を迎えること、乳幼児の育児の困難さが明らかとなった。現在でも日常生活の中での刺激に対する体感覚を通して震災について思い出したり考えるなど追体験をしており、不安や怖さの心的反応や情緒的反応が見られていた。災害発生後の医療提供システムのあり方と、妊娠中に震災を体験した人が、再度妊娠・出産を迎える際の心身のアセスメントの視点が示唆された。

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate how pregnant women who experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake during their previous pregnancy perceived their health status. The subjects of this study were 2 groups of fifty-nine pregnant women. All the subjects experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in a suburb outside the core disaster area. One of groups included thirty two women who were pregnant when the earthquake struck, and the other group was twenty seven women who were not pregnant and had one or more children when it struck. A semi-structured interview was conducted, and a content analysis of the data was done. The following results indicate that the subjects had not only emotional and physical reactions after the earthquake, but they also had difficulty coping with their daily life with their infant or toddler after a sudden loss of basic services, such as water, gas and electricity. They still experienced fear, and a physical sense of unbalance similar to what they felt during the earthquake. These post-event sensations are stimulated by their five-senses, and being in a similar situation to that of the actual earthquake. Especially pregnant women who experienced the disaster during their previous pregnancy had more intense sensations.