阪神・淡路大震災の被災地における母子の心身の健康及び，母子を取り巻く環境に関する研究

The Effect of Hanshin-awaji Earthquake on The Physical and Psychological Health Status of Maternal-child and Their on Environment

要旨

　平成7年1月17日に起こった阪神・淡路大震災は多くの人々の生活に様々な影響を及ぼした．本研究は，震災時に妊娠・出産・育児をしていた母親とその乳幼児を対象にし，震災直後から約1年間の心身の健康状態や生活の実態を明らかにすると同時に，その母子が必要とするケアを提供しながら，災害時の母子に対する支援サービスのあり方を検討することを目的としている．対象地域は，災害救助法適用指定地域ではあったが，激震からは免れ，火災や倒壊などによる被害が比較的少なかったＡ市とした．そのＡ市の保健所が行う乳児健康診査・3歳児健康診査に来所した68名の母親を対象とした．対象者に対して，半統制型の面接調査を行った．得られたデ－タは質問項目毎に集計・分析を行い，さらに事例毎の分析を行った．その結果，以下の点が明らかになった．1）震災による直接的被害・間接的影響により，震災後の母子を取り巻く環境には様々な変化が生じていた．2）1）の環境の変化に伴い，震災後の母子の心身の健康状態には通常とは異なる様々な変化が生じていた．それらの状態の変化はほとんどの場合，時間の経過とともに消失していたが，中には震災後1年が経過した時点まで持続していたケースも見られた．

　以上の結果をふまえて，災害時の母子支援システムとして以下の4点を提言する．1）知識の普及，2）ニードに合わせた専門的窓口の設置，3）ネットワーク作り，4）今後のフォローアップの必要性

Abstract

　The Hanshin-Awaji earthquake which happened on January 17, 1995 caused tremendous size of disastrously effect on people's daily life. The purposes of this study are: 1) to identify the course of life effect on the mother and child of those who had been child bearing cycle at the time of earth quake and 2) to investigate the possible method of providing necessary maternal-child care during future disaster area by ordinance. Since this area was suburb of the core disaster area, the damage on the house by fire or collapse. The subjects of this study were 68 mother who came to infant and three year's physical examination that provided by city public health center. The semi-structured interview was conducted. The data were analyzed quantitively by basic statistics and case study method for qualitative data.

　Following results were found. 1) There were plausible change in mother and child's environment after the earth quake by the result of direct and indirect effects.

　2) Due to environmental change, some patterns, such as sleeplessness, sensitiveness were observed in physical and psychological status of the mother and child. The change of status were observed at the beginning and disappeared by the time passage. In few cases, the change of status had persisted even after half year had passed.

　From the result, the recommendation for establishing maternal-child support system during disaster is proposed. Those are 1) to disseminate the necessary knowledge from immediately after the disastrous event, 2) to establish some temporary advise corner by professional, 3) to establish professional network for keeping necessary database which could be shared or used in case of emergency situation, and 4) to do a follow up study to find lasting effect on child bearing family.