子どもが入院している病棟の災害時看護—新潟県中越地震の看護師の体験から

Nursing in a ward with hospitalized children during a disaster: From the experiences of nurses in the Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake in 2004

要約

　本研究の目的は、子どもが入院する病棟の災害時看護を明らかにすることである。研究対象者は、被災時に子どもの入院患者を有していた新潟県中越地域にある病院4施設5病棟の看護師16名と4施設の看護管理者である。方法は、看護管理者には施設の管理状況についての聴き取り調査を行った。看護師には、病棟ごとにフォーカスグループインタビューを行い、質的帰納的に分析を行った。その結果、看護者は、直ぐに子どもと家族の安全確保を行い、子どもと家族への情報を伝達し、相次ぐ余震の中、子どもと家族の避難や避難準備を行いながら、子どものストレスの軽減に努めていた。また、子どもよりも付き添いの家族の方がパニックになっていたことが明らかになった。震災発生時の子どものストレスは、子どもと一緒にいる大人の態度が大きく影響していると考えられる。震災時に子どもと家族の安全を守るには、その場にいる看護師が機転を利かせて対処できるかが重要になってくる。

Summary

　The purpose of this study was to learn more about nursing during disasters in wards where children are hospitalized. The participants were 16 nurses and 4 nursing supervisors from 5 wards in 4 facilities where children had been hospitalized at the time of the Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake in 2004. Nursing administrators were questioned orally about administration at their facilities. Focus group interviews were held with nurses from each ward and a qualitative inductive analysis performed.

　We found that the nurses acted immediately to ensure the safety of the children and their families and transmitted information to them. In the midst of aftershocks, they made preparations and arrangements for the evacuation of the children and their families, while working towards alleviating the stress of the children. We also found that the family members at the hospital with the children were more likely to panic than the children themselves.

　The stress children experience during a disaster is greatly influenced by the attitude of the adults surrounding them. In order to protect children and their families from danger during a disaster, it is important for nurses at the site to think quickly and deal appropriately with the situation.