初・経妊婦の状態不安に関する研究—妊娠初期・中期・末期における心理・社会的側面の適応状態の影響

State Anxiety of Primigravida and Multigravida: Influence of Psychosocial Adaptation in Early, Middle and Last Stages of Pregnancy

要旨

　初妊婦と経妊婦の妊娠初期・中期・末期の不安に対する心理・社会的側面の適応状態の影響について分析を行った。対象は、産科的異常及び合併症が無い初妊婦188名と経妊婦142名とした。調査は、無記名自記式質問紙調査を横断的に実施し、調査内容は、State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form-Y日本語版の状態不安（State）20項目、及び妊娠期の心理・社会的側面の適応状態を評価する日本語版Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire（J-PSEQ）の7つの下位スケール71項目とした。分析は、Stateを従属変数、J-PSEQの下位スケールを独立変数とした重回帰分析を行った。その結果、初妊婦では、初期には「妊娠の受容」と「母親との関係」、中期・末期には「自分自身と赤ちゃんの状態についての心配」と「妊娠の受容」が、一方経妊婦では、初期には「夫との関係」、中期には「自分自身と赤ちゃんの状態についての心配」と「妊娠の受容」、末期には「自分自身と赤ちゃんの状態についての心配」、「妊娠の受容」、及び「出産への準備」が不安への有意な直接的影響要因として認められた。

Abstract

　We conducted a study on the influence of psychosocial adaptation on anxieties of primigravida and multigravida in the early, middle and last stages of pregnancy. The subjects were 188 primigravidas and 142 multigravidas with no obstetric trouble or complications. A cross-sectional, anonymous, and self-recording questionnaire was used for collecting data, which included 20 items regarding State Anxiety(State) from a Japanese version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form-Y and 71 items with 7 sub-scales from a Japanese version of Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (J-PSEQ) which evaluates psychosocial adaptation in pregnancy. Multiple regression analyses which applied the State to its dependent variable and the sub-scales of the J-PSEQ to its independent variables were employed. As a result of the analyses, it was proved that "Acceptance of Pregnancy" and "Relationship with Mother" in the early stage and "Concern for Well-Being of Self and Baby" and "Acceptance of Pregnancy" in the middle and last stages, are significant factors influencing their anxiety for primigravidas. On the other hand, for multigravidas the "Relationship with Husband" in the early stage, "Concern for Well-Being of Self and Baby" and "Acceptance of Pregnancy" in the middle stage, and "Concern for Well-Being of Self and Baby", "Acceptance of Pregnancy", and "Preparation for Labor" in the last stage, are significant factors.