看護職の冷え症妊婦に対する関わり方の基本姿勢：構成要因の探索

Components Related to the Basic Approach of Nurses to Pregnant Women with Hiesho

要旨

　目的：看護職の冷え症妊婦に対する関わり方の基本姿勢の構成要因を探索する．

　方法：全国の分娩取扱い施設で妊婦健診に3年以上携わっている看護職を対象に無記名自記式質問紙調査を実施した．

　結果：分析対象数は733名である．妊婦健診時での看護職の冷え症妊婦に対する関わり方の基本姿勢の構成要因として27項目4因子が抽出された．抽出された因子は，【1．触れて冷えを確認する】【2．共感的態度で傾聴する】【3．ペースや意向を尊重する】【4．共に冷え症改善行動を考える】であった．冷え症ケア実施の有無の比較では，第1因子の合計得点の差異が最も大きく（4.82点），順に第4因子（2.03），第3因子，第2因子であった．

　結論：「触れて冷えを確認する」「共に冷え症改善行動を考える」が冷え症ケアに特化した因子であり，「共感的態度で傾聴する」「ペースや意向を尊重する」が看護全般に共通する因子として示唆された．

　Objective: This study aimed to identify the components related to the basic approach of nurses to pregnant women with hiesho.

　Methods: Nurses involved in prenatal health examination of pregnant women, conducted at obstetric facilities throughout Japan for at least three years, were asked to anonymously complete self-administered questionnaires.

　Results: The responses of 733 nurses were analyzed. Twenty-seven items and four factors were identified as the components of the basic approach of nurses to pregnant women suffering from hiesho during pregnancy health examinations. The factors included “tactile confirmation of hiesho”, “listening carefully with a sympathetic attitude”, “respecting the patient's pace and intentions”, and “collaborating on how to alleviate hiesho”. In the comparison between patients with and without hiesho care, the difference in the total score was greatest for the first factor (4.82 points), followed by the fourth (2.03), third, and second factors in that order.

　Conclusion: It was suggested that “tactile confirmation of hiesho” and “collaborating on how to　alleviate hiesho” are factors especially useful for hiesho care, while “listening carefully with compassion” and “respecting the patient's pace and intention” are factors common to general nursing.