災害時健康を守る地域共助力評価尺度の開発

Development of a Scale to assess Regional Mutual Assistance Capacity for protecting health in the Event of a Disaster

要約

目的：災害時健康を守る地域共助力の評価尺度を開発し、妥当性と信頼性を検証した。

方法：災害時健康を守る共助の質的先行研究から、5段階評価の質問紙を作成し、予備調査結果および防災担当者等の意見から完成した。自主防災組織会員及び勤務者を対象に無記名質問紙調査を行った。主因子法で因子数を決め、クロンバックのα係数で信頼性を検討した。外部指標は災害時に住民同士で健康を守るための助け合いの力に対する意識、ソーシャル・キャピタルおよびソーシャル・サポートとした。

結果：分析対象150。項目間相関分析により2項目除去し、評価尺度は29項目とした。クロンバックのα係数は0.931で内的整合性を確保していた。因子分析によって抽出された6因子は「心身の健康観察力」「高齢者・障害者の世話をする力」「生活環境を整える力」「協力体制を作る力」「災害時特有の疾病を予防する力」「乳幼児の問題を知る力」であった。

結論：本評価尺度は、信頼性妥当性が検証されたことから、災害時健康を守る地域共助力の実態を知るための評価尺度として活用可能である。

Abstract

Purpose: We developed a scale for assessing the capacity of regional mutual assistance in protecting health in the event of a disaster. Further, we verified the validity and reliability of the scale.

Methods: Using a five-point scale, we developed a questionnaire about the role of mutual assistance in protecting health during disasters, based on previous qualitative studies. We developed a scale for assessing the capacity of regional mutual assistance in protecting health in the event of a disaster. Further, we verified the validity and reliability of the scale.

The number of factors was determined using the principal factor method, and reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. External indexes based on "mutual assistance of health can be performed," social capital, and social support.

Results: In total, 150 targets were included in the analysis. Two items were removed based on an interitem correlation analysis, resulting in a scale of 29 items. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.931, thereby internal consistency was ensured. The six factors extracted by the factor analysis included the "ability to observe physical and mental health," "ability to take care of the elderly and disabled," "ability to prepare a living environment," "ability to create a cooperative system," "ability to prevent disasterspecific diseases," and "ability to know about the problems of infants and children." All the comparison items were positively correlated.

Conclusion: Since the reliability and validity of the scale in the current study was verified, it can be used as an evaluation scale to understand the real-world situation of the capacity of community mutual assistance in protecting health in the event of a disaster.