看護学生に対する地域での災害対策マップ作り演習の教育効果

Educational benefits of a class exercise in the creation of a local disaster prevention program for nursing students

要旨

目的：地域コミュニティの特性を視野に入れ、看護学生が自ら考えられるような災害看護教育の重要性は示されているが、そのような教育の効果は評価されていない。本研究では、看護学生に対する地域での災害対策マップ作り演習の教育効果を明らかにすることを目的とした。

方法：Ａ大学看護学部4年生102名に対し、大学周辺の社会資源の調査後に災害対策マップ作り演習を行い、演習前後に無記名自記式質問紙調査を行った。有効回答を得た100名について災害時の地域活動に対するセルフエフィカシーやモチベーション、地域の災害対策についての関心度を教育効果とし、演習前後で比較した。

結果：セルフエフィカシーやモチベーション、地域の災害対策についての関心度は演習前後で全て改善した。演習で学生らが学べたと回答した割合が80％を超えた内容は、災害時の自助の重要性、地域資源の活用と共助の重要性であった。

結論：看護学生に対する地域を対象とした災害対策に関する演習形式の授業の有効性が示唆された。

Objective: Although the importance of disaster nursing education that takes the characteristics of the local community into account and enhances student autonomy has been recognized, the benefits of such education have not been evaluated. The present study was aimed to identify the educational benefits it has for nursing students to draw a disaster prevention map for a local community following an investigation of the societal resources in the community.

Methods: Fourth-year students of the Faculty of Nursing at University A participated in a class exercise in which they first investigated societal resources in the community around the campus and then drew a disaster prevention map. The students completed an anonymous selfadministered questionnaire before and after the exercise. Students' self-efficacy and motivation to perform community services at the time of a disaster, and their interest in disaster prevention in the community were compared before and after the exercise.

Results: Students' self-efficacy, motivation, and interest in disaster prevention in the community all increased after the exercise. Students learned through the exercise about the importance of self-help and cooperation, and utilization of community resources.

Conclusion: The benefits of an exercise-style class for nursing students that focused on the local community were demonstrated.