看護学生のバーンアウト予防に対するセルフ・コンパッション介入の効果検討

Examining the Effectiveness of a Self-Compassion Intervention in Preventing Burnout in Nursing Students

要旨

　目的：看護学生のセルフ・コンパッションを高めるプログラムを開発し，バーンアウト予防に対する効果を検討した．

　方法：総合病院附属の看護学生2年生157名に対し，計3セッションの集団授業形式のプログラムを実施した．測定項目は属性，バーンアウト，セルフ・コンパッションとし，介入前後の各変数の平均値の比較検討，各変数の変化量の関連性の検討を行った．

　結果：有効回答126名を分析対象とした．介入後にセルフ・コンパッションが有意に向上し，下位因子のうち「共通の人間性」が増加し，「過剰同一化」が低減した．バーンアウトは介入前後で合計得点に有意差は見られなかったが，下位因子のうち「個人的達成感の減退」が有意に改善し，「脱人格化」が有意に増加した．

　結論：本プログラムにおける看護学生のセルフ・コンパッションを高める可能性と，バーンアウトの予防に対するセルフ・コンパッションの有用性および課題が示された．

　Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop a program to enhance self-compassion in nursing students and to determine its effectiveness in preventing burnout.

　Methods: A three-session group class program was conducted for 157 second-year nursing students at a general hospital. The program measured attributes, burnout, and self-compassion, and the mean values of each variable before and after the intervention were compared, and the relationship between the amount of change in each variable was examined.

　Results: The 126 respondents who provided valid responses were included in the analysis. Selfcompassion significantly increased after the intervention, and "common humanity" and "overidentification" among the sub-factors increased and decreased, respectively. Regarding burnout, although there was no significant difference in the total score before and after the intervention, the subfactor "decreased sense of personal accomplishment" was significantly improved, while "depersonalization" was significantly increased.

　Conclusion: Based on these results, this program is potentially effective in increasing selfcompassion among nursing students. We further discuss the usefulness of self-compassion in preventing burnout, along with related future directions.