被災地内看護師と被災地外看護師の災害体験の比較

Comparison of Experience of Disaster Between Nurses in a Stricken Area and those Outside the Stricken Area

要約

　本研究の目的は、水害を体験した看護師と体験していない看護師の災害想起内容及び活動内容の違いを分析し、その違いが意味することを明らかにすることである。調査対象は、被災地内で水害を直接体験した看護師と被災地外からの援助者で水害を体験していない看護師である。調査方法は、半構成的面接法で、水害2ヵ月後に災害状況や活動体制を含めたインタビューを実施した。分析には、内容分析法及びユーリア・エングストローム（Y. Engestrom）の活動システムモデルを用いた。その結果、内容分析法では、想起した内容に違いが認められた。水害を体験した看護師は水害時の状況に関する内容を想起し、水害を直接体験していない看護師は、援助行為を振り返る内容を想起していた。更に、この想起内容を、活動システムモデルを用いて分析した結果、被災地内看護師と被災地外看護師の活動内容には、モデルの各構成要素において質的な違いが認められた。

Abstract

　The purpose of this research is to analyze the difference in the contents of recollection of disasters and the contents of activities between nurses who experienced floods and those who did not, and to clarify that there is a certain difference. Those who were investigated were nurses who experienced floods in a stricken area and nurses who came to support them from outside the stricken area and did not experience the floods. A semi-structural interviewing method was used for investigation. Interviews on the flood condition and activity system were made two months after the flood. For the analysis, the contents analysis method and Y. Engestrom activity system model were used. As a result, clear differences in the contents of recollection and activities were recognized. Nurses who experienced floods mainly recollected the situation at the time of the floods while nurses who did not directly experience floods mainly recollected support activities. In addition, as a result of analysis of the recollection contents using the activity system model, there was a difference in quality in all structural elements of the model between the contents of activities of the nurses in the stricken area and those outside the stricken area.