看護系大学1年生の睡眠や眠気の経時的変化と特徴

Changes in Sleep and Sleepiness Over Time and Their Characteristics in First-year Nursing College Students

要旨

　目的：看護系大学1年生の睡眠や眠気を客観的・主観的評価から経時的に把握し特徴を明らかにする．

　方法：入学後3か月，入学後半年，入学後9か月の睡眠変数を1週間アクティウォッチと睡眠日誌で評価し，眠気をJESSで評価した．睡眠変数はFriedman検定とBonferroni検定で経時的変化を比較し，Mann-WhitneyのU検定で眠気との関連を比較した．

　結果：対象者13名の睡眠変数は起床時刻に差があり，下位検定の結果，入学後9か月は入学後3か月より起床時刻が遅かった．睡眠変数と眠気は入学後9か月の総睡眠時間に差があり，JESS11点以上の「眠気あり」は「眠気なし」より総睡眠時間が長かった．

　結論：対象者は入学後9か月に起床時刻が後退し「眠気あり」の総睡眠時間が延長した．実習のない1年生から睡眠変数や眠気等を継続的に把握し，規則的な生活リズム獲得への支援が必要と考えられた．

　Objectives: To understand sleep and sleepiness in first-year nursing students over time via objective and subjective assessments and to clarify the characteristics of their sleep and sleepiness.

　Methods: The sleep variables were evaluated at three months, six months, and nine months after admission for one week using Actiwatch and a sleep diary. Sleepiness was also evaluated using the Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (JESS) during the same period. Changes in the sleep variables were compared using the Friedman test and the Bonferroni test. The relationship between the sleep variables and sleepiness was compared using Mann Whitney-U test.

　Results: The sleep variables of the 13 participants differed according to waking time, and the subtest results showed that waking time was significantly later at nine months after admission than at three months after admission. Total sleep duration differed between the sleep variables and sleepiness at nine months after admission, and "sleepiness present" with a JESS score of 11 or higher showed a significantly longer total sleep duration than "sleepiness absent."

　Conclusion: The participants' waking time was delayed the most at nine months after admission, and the total sleep duration in "sleepiness present" was prolonged. Accordingly, to support firstyear students without practical training in developing a regular life rhythm, it was necessary to continuously assess sleep variables and sleepiness.