阪神・淡路大震災の被災経験がある人として生きることの意味—学童後期に被災後医療的介入を受けなかった人々を対象として

The Significance of Living as Child Survivors of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of 1995: Focus on People Who Had Been Affected When They Were in the Higher Grades of Elementary School and Have Lived Since Then without Medical Intervention

要旨

　目的：本研究は，学童後期に阪神・淡路大震災で被災した後，震災に関連したことで医療的介入を受けてこなかった人々の多様な人生の理解を通して，被災経験がある人として生きていく上での長期的経験とその意味を明らかにすることを目的とした．

　方法：2017年6月〜2018年9月に4名の参加者に4回ずつインタビューを行い，テーマ分析によって参加者の経験に共通するテーマを生成した．

　結果：被災経験がある人として生きることの意味は〈心身ともに安心安全な居場所の追求〉〈生死に関する価値観の醸成〉〈社会との調和のために語られない被災経験〉〈真剣な聞き手と共に被災経験に向き合う〉〈他者の経験の理解志向〉の5つのコアテーマから構成された．

　結論：被災児童たちが自分らしくいられる居場所の確保などの災害直後の支援が震災の前向きな意味づけに寄与すること，および，いまだ被災経験を語らず心理的回復が達成されていない人々への中長期的看護支援の必要性が示唆された．

　Objective: This study aimed to describe the significances of the post disaster long-term experiences as child survivors of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of 1995 through an understanding of the diverse life stories of those who had been affected by the Earthquake when they were in the higher grades of elementary school and have lived since then without medical intervention.

　Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with four participants from June 2017 to September 2018, and a thematic analysis was made to generate core themes expressing commonalities among the experiences of the participants.

　Results: Five common core themes were identified as the significances of the post disaster long-term experiences as child survivors: <Searching for a safe and secure place of their own>, <Developing a perspective on life and death>, <Suppressing disclosure of the disaster experience while trying to blend into society>, <Facing the disaster experience with the help of an earnest listener>, and <Aspiring to understand the disaster experiences of others>.

　Discussion: The results indicate that the acute phase nursing support needs to include securing a place where child survivors can be themselves which will contribute to assessing the significance of the disaster positively, and that the long term phase nursing support for those who have not yet talked about their disaster experience and have not achieved psychological recovery is needed.