入院児の転倒・転落防止対策：デルファイ法による検討

An Evaluation of Fall Prevention Measures for Pediatric Patients Using the Delphi Technique

要旨

目的：小児看護を実践する看護師よりコンセンサスの得られた「小児の転倒・転落を防止するために実施すべき対策」について明らかにする．

方法：質問紙の作成と2回の質問紙調査から構成される3段階のデルファイ法の調査を行った．小児看護を実践する看護師110名を対象に，小児の転倒・転落を防止するために実施すべき対策として44項目を質問紙に示し，それぞれの対策について「5：非常にそう考える」〜「1：全くそう考えない」の5段階で回答を求めた．

結果：2回目の質問紙調査は90名より回答があり，同意率80％以上の対策は，小児に対しての対策8項目，家族に対しての対策16項目，環境に対しての対策5項目，病棟全体での取り組み6項目の計35項目であり，これらをコンセンサスの得られた小児の転倒・転落を防止するために実施すべき対策とした．

結論：家族に対しての対策が最も多かったことから，小児の転倒・転落防止には家族の協力が重要と考えられていたことが示された．

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify child fall prevention measures that were implemented on which consensus was reached by the pediatric nurses.

Methods: Three steps of the Delphi technique were carried out and applied to the creation of a questionnaire and two questionnaire evaluations. Participants included 110 pediatric nurses and 44 items were included in the questionnaire as measures to be implemented for child fall prevention. Responses were given as five scores ranging from 5 (strongly agree) to 1 (strongly disagree) for each of the measures.

Results: Answers were obtained from 90 participants in the 2nd questionnaire evaluation. Thirty-five items had measures with an agreement rate of 80% or more, consisting of 8 items of measures for children, 16 items of measures for parents, 5 items of measures for the environments, and 6 items of measures for activities in the ward. These items served as the measures to be implemented for child fall prevention on which a consensus was reached.

Conclusion: The measures for parents were the highest in number and this shows the importance of parents' cooperation in child fall prevention.