高齢者のウェルネス型健康生活チェック表の作成：デルファイ法による内容妥当性の検討

Creating a Wellness Checklist for Maintaining the Health of the Elderly: Validity of the Contents Verified by the Delphi Method

要旨

目的：介護支援専門員が高齢者の健康生活を確認できる，高齢者のウェルネス型健康生活チェック表を作成し，その内容妥当性を検討した．

方法：看護師資格を有する介護支援専門員19名を対象に，デルファイ法を用いて「高齢者のウェルネス型健康生活チェック表（案）」の領域および項目への質問紙調査を実施した．9領域66項目を各々「1：まったく適さない」から「9：非常に適切である」の9段階で評価してもらい，そのコメントをふまえて研究者間で修正した．

結果：調査の有効回答率は94.7％であった．デルファイ3回目では項目の平均スコア範囲は6.7〜7.9で，全項目が「適切」以上であった．コメントを基に領域と項目の表現を話し合った結果，9領域55項目で収束した．

結論：介護支援専門員の合意により「高齢者のウェルネス型健康生活チェック表」は，介護支援専門員が高齢者の健康生活を確認でき，些細な変化を知ることで適切な支援を提供し，介護予防に役立てられることが示唆された．

Purpose: The aim of this study is to verify the validity of a novel wellness checklist for maintaining the health of elderly persons living at home in the communities by care managers.

Method: The proposed “wellness checklist for maintaining the health of the elderly” was iteratively reviewed three times using the Delphi method with 19 licensed nurse instructors as the participants. The response items were rated on a nine-point Likert scale from 1 (not suitable at all) to 9 (highly appropriate) and examined by researchers. Furthermore, the researchers discussed the categories and the way in which the information is presented.

Results: The content validity of 66 items divided into nine categories was iteratively reviewed three times using the Delphi method with the agreement of all participants. Ultimately, the number of items was reduced to 55 in nine categories. The mean range were 6.7-7.9, each of these items was judged “appropriate” the third time around. The response rate of the participants was 94.7％ throughout the process.

Conclusion: This study clarifies the content validity of the wellness checklist for maintaining the health of elderly people who live at home in the communities, which has been confirmed by experts. The elderly can maintain self-reliant and healthy lives by monitoring daily life using the wellness checklist. It can be expected that the checklist will help them recognize when professional support is necessary to prolong their independence in maintaining their overall health.