病院における看護師の組織市民行動

Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Hospital Nurses

要旨

目的：病院に勤務する看護師による組織市民行動の実態を調査し，看護師に特徴的な組織市民行動を明らかにする．

方法：2013年2月，近隣に位置する4つの公的病院の看護師1,003名を対象に自記式質問調査を行った．

結果：有効回答数は763名（76.1％）であった．『スタッフ支援』について，4項目中2項目において「時々した」「よくした」を合わせて90％を超えた．一方，『ロイヤリティへの貢献』の全3項目において「全くしなかった」「あまりしなかった」を合わせて50％以上を占めた．組織市民行動の実施の程度の因子分析（n＝409）では，質向上に関する行動，環境整備，指導，協力，ケアの提供に関する行動の5因子が抽出された．抽出された因子の実施状況の差をみたところ，5因子で有意差が見られ，質向上に関する行動が最も低く，協力が最も高かった．

結論：看護師は，スタッフなど個人に向けた組織市民行動をよく行い，組織に向けた組織市民行動をあまり行っていない．看護師の組織市民行動において，協力など，一般的に組織市民行動とみなされている行動のほか，質向上に関する行動や指導など，看護師に特徴的な組織市民行動がみられた．

Objectives: The aim of this study was to clarify the organizational citizenship behaviors of nurses working at hospitals.

Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,003 nurses at 4 public hospitals in neighboring districts. The questionnaire devoted 28 items to organizational citizenship behavior and demographic details.

Results: A total of 763 valid responses were analyzed. More than 90% of participants reported “sometimes performed” or “frequently performed” in two questionnaire items out of four regarding “Staff Support,” whereas more than 50% reported “not performed at all” or “not much performed” regarding “Royalty.” Five factors were obtained by exploratory factor analysis: “Quality Improvement,” “Environmental Improvement,” “Coaching,” “Cooperation,” “Caring,” and “Quality Improvement.” “Cooperation” was the most frequent factor and “Quality Improvement” was the least frequent one.

Conclusion: In conclusion, we clarified the organizational citizenship behaviors of nurses working at hospitals. It was found that organizational citizenship behaviors toward individuals such as colleagues were frequently performed by nurses, on the other hand, those toward organizations were not performed so much. Furthermore, we found not only general organizational citizenship behaviors, such as “Staff Support,” but also the typical behaviors of nurses, such as “Quality Improvement” and “Coaching.”