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要旨
本論文の目的は看護研究における現象学的アプローチの適用と課題について考察することである.そのために,まず,現象学的方法の特性を論じ,次に,筆者が看護研究において,現象学的アプローチを選択するまでのプロセス及び現象学的分析方法を完成させるまでの作成過程について論じた.
現象学的方法とは,因果関係を明らかにしようとするものではなく,むしろ生きられた体験としての現象の本質を明らかにしていくことを探究する記述的研究方法である.筆者は,これまで看護学生の体験世界と,患者と看護婦との体験世界に焦点を当てた研究を行ってきた.それらの研究に共通に流れているテーマは,人間の行動・経験にはすべて,その人個々の意味があり,その意味を重視したいということであり,そのテーマを明らかにするためには現象学的方法が一番適していると考えた.そのような経緯から,Giorgi, A. の現象学的分析方法を参考として,事例分析方法と看護面接過程の分析方法を作成した.看護面接過程の分析過程は以下のようにまとめられた;(1)本質的な意味の単位である場面に分ける;(2〕各場面のテーマを記述する;(3)テーマの中心的意味を記述する;(4)テーマの中心的意味を総合し,統合して,状況的構造的記述と一般的構造的記述を導き出す.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to consider an apprication of phenomenological approach in nursing research. First, characteristics of phenomenological methodology are discussed. Secondly, this study shows the processe that the author has chosen phenomenological approach in her nursing researches and the processe that the author has developed a phenomenological analysis method.
The phenomenological method does not seek to reveal causal relationships, but rather to reveal the nature of phenomena as humanly experienced. The author studied focusing on lived experiences of nursing students, and patients and a nurse. The one was a study of the educational function of the intensive group experience in nursing education and the other was a study of the function of nurse counseling. A common theme in the two studies was to understand the individual meanings of their acts and experiences. Therefore, phenomenological method could be regarded as the most rightest method to explore the theme. First, the author developed a case analysis method to analyze free descriptions of nursing students, intensive group experiences and details of interviews to them. Secondly, the author developed a method of analysis for interpreting nurse counseling by modifying the case analysis method. They were founded on Giorgi's method of phenomenological analysis. The processe of the method of phenomenological analysis for interpreting nurse counseling were as follows: (1) obtain natural meaning units; (2) clarify or elaborate themes of natural meaning units: (3) transform themes into focal meanings; (4) synthesize and integrate the insights achieved into asituated structural description and a general structural description.
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