病院に就業する看護職者の職業経験の質に関する研究―現状および個人特性との関係に焦点を当てて

A Study on Quality of Occupational Experience among Hospital Nurses：The Current Status and the Relationships with Attributes

要旨

　本研究の目的は, 病院に就業する看護職者の職業経験の質の現状, および, それに関係する個人特性を解明し, 病院に就業する看護職者の職業経験に関する予測理論の開発に向けた今後の課題を検討することである. 測定用具には, 看護職者職業経験の質評価尺度と看護職者特性調査紙を用いた. 対象者は, 全国の病院に就業する看護職者1,060名であり, 郵送法によりデータを収集した. 分析には, 記述統計値の算出, 相関係数の算出と検定, t検定, 一元配置分散分析を用いた. 質問紙回収数は703 (回収率66.3％) であり, 有効回答618を分析した結果は, 病院に就業する看護職者が, 自己の職業経験の質をおおむね高く評価する一方, そのさらなる改善を課題にしていることを示した. また, 職業経験の質が, 看護職経験年数, 職位, 年収, 労働条件に対する満足感など21変数に関係することを示した. 考察の結果は, 病院に就業する看護職者の職業経験の質向上に資する予測理論の開発に向けて検証する必要のある3仮説を示唆した．

Abstract

　The purpose of the study was to clarify the current status of the quality of occupational experience of hospital nurses, and to identify the relationships between it and attributes of nurses for developing a predictive theory of occupational experience of hospital nurses. The Quality of Occupational Experience Scale and the Questionnaire for Nurses' Attributes were used as instruments of the study. The instrument packets were distributed 1,060 nurses worked at general hospitals in Japan. The data were analyzed statistically (descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA). Seven hundreds and three (66.3%) nurses returned answers by mail, and 618 valid responses were analyzed. The results showed that nurses evaluated their quality of occupational experience highly, though it might be possible for them to improve it more highly. Furthermore, the quality of occupational experience of nurses related to 21 attributes of them, those were, “years of working as a nurse”, “position”, “income”, “satisfaction of working conditions”, and so on. Three hypothesis that had to be tested empirically for developing a predictive theory of occupational experience of nurses were generated from the results.