運動機能障害がある子どもの母親の外出に関する調査

A qualitative study of activities outside the home among mothers of children with movement disorders

要旨：本研究の目的は，運動機能障害がある子どもの母親が外出時に抱える問題とその解決のプロセスを探索し，必要としている支援について検討することである．運動機能障害がある子どもの母親15名に半構造化インタビューを実施し質的解析を行った．その結果，母親は運動機能障害がある子どもを連れて外出することへの身体的・心理的な負担を感じ，心理的な自己解決や子ども同伴での外出を最小限にするなど，様々な方法で問題の解決を図っていることがわかった．また自己解決が困難な問題に対する支援として，バリアフリー環境の整備と充実したレスパイトサービスの提供を必要としていることが示された．これらは今後，作業療法士が貢献すべき課題であると考える．

　The objectives of this study were to: (1) explore problems, needs and coping strategies regarding activities outside the home, and (2) discuss how Occupational Therapists (OT) support social participation of mothers of children with movement disorders. Fifteen mothers of children 2-16 years old with movement disorders participated in this study. Most of the mothers had physical and psychological childcare burdens outside the home. These problems occurred regardless of children's or mothers' age, severity of disabilities, or family background. To solve these problems, the mothers used strategies such as going out with their children less and coping effectively by “Psychological self-solving”. Mothers who were satisfied with support from officials, families, and relatives tended to have better psychological self-solving skills. Furthermore, the mothers required barrier free environments, and flexible and substantial respite services. OT can solve these problems by collaborating with local governments to promote barrier free environments and enhancing the quality of respite services by educating staff. Furthermore, OT's advice was useful to enhance mothers' psychological self-solving skills.