発達障害児者の社会参加状況に関する追跡調査

A follow-up survey on the social participation of persons with developmental disabilities

要旨：本研究は，医療機関Aにおいて作業療法を実施した発達障害児者の，その後の社会参加状況を探る追跡調査である．筆頭筆者が10年間に担当した発達障害児者およびその保護者254組を対象に，2回にわたる質問紙調査にて発達障害児者の社会参加状況に関する特徴，経過を整理し考察した．2回の調査から，対象者の社会参加状況は両期とも良好群87.7％，不良群12.3％という結果を得た．ただし，対象者各々の1期・2期の結果を確認すると，良好群対象者と不良群対象者は同じではなく変動していた．その背景には発達障害児者の社会適応の脆弱性が推測され，2期間の限られたライフステージであっても，生活課題や環境の変化で社会不適応を起こす可能性が示唆された．

　This is a follow-up study exploring the subsequent social participation of children with developmental disabilities who underwent occupational therapy in medical institution A. A questionnaire was conducted twice on 254 pairs of people with developmental disabilities and researchers in charge over 10 years. Then, the characteristics and progress on social participation of people with developmental disabilities were extracted and discussed. The participants' participation in society was 87.7% in the good group and 12.3% in the defective group during both periods. However, when we confirmed the results of the 1st and 2nd terms of each subject, the data from both the good group subjects and the defective group subjects fluctuated. Thus, there is vulnerability of social adaptation of people with developmental disabilities. Furthermore, social maladjustment may result from changes in daily tasks and the environment even in the limited life stage of the two periods.