地域ケア会議における言語聴覚士の助言内容の検討

A study of the content of advice given by speech-language-hearing therapists at community care conferences

　本研究は，地域ケア会議で言語聴覚士が助言した個別ケースの実態把握と助言内容の分析を行い，自立支援における言語聴覚士の役割を明らかにすることが目的である．

　研究方法は2014年4月から2015年3月に大分県下6市町村で，言語聴覚士が助言者として参加した地域ケア会議で検討された121人を対象に分析を行った．

　地域ケア会議に提示された個別ケースに対しての言語聴覚士の助言は，国際生活機能分類では「心身機能・身体構造」「活動と参加」で有意差があった(p＜0.001)．また，「活動と参加」のIADLの「社会参加」が有意に多かった(p＜0.05)．「社会参加」の助言は，コミュニケーション面を意識した助言が多く，その内容も自助，互助，共助の幅広い範囲に及ぶことが明らかになった．

　このことは，言語聴覚士が「社会参加」を「コミュニケーションを通して，地域社会での社会的役割の獲得や居場所づくり」として捉え，自助，互助レベルの高齢者の生きがい・居場所づくりが自立支援に必要と考えていることが示唆された．

　This study aims to assess the conditions of the individual cases discussed at community care conferences and analyze the contents of advice provided by participating speech-language-hearing therapists(SLHTs) in order to better understand the role of SLHT in supporting independent living of persons with life support or long-term care needs. We analyzed 121 cases discussed in community care conferences, that were attended by SLHTs in an advisory capacity in six municipalities of Oita Prefecture from April 2014 to March 2015. SLHTs gave significantly more advice(p＜0.001) in the categories of "body functions and structures" and "activities, participation" under the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Also, they gave significantly more advice related to "social participation"(p＜0.05). Much of the advice pertaining to "participation in society" aimed at enriching communication at the levels of self-help, mutual assistance, and common support. These results suggest that SLHTs consider "social participation" as "obtaining a social role and creating one's place in the community through communication." Furthermore, SLHTs seem to believe that it is important for seniors to find their purpose in life and create their own place through activities at the self-help and mutual assistance levels for maintaining their independent living in the community.