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Familial Alzheimer disease gene: presenilin 1 and 2 Takeshi TABIRA 1 1National Institute of Neuroscience Keyword: 家族性アルツハイマー病 , プレセニリン1 , プレセニリン2 pp.8-17
Published Date 1997/2/10
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1431901448
  • Abstract
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Since the discovery of presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) genes, about 2 years has passed. Over 30 point mutations in PS1 gene were found in early onset familial Alzheimer's disease families in the world, and a mutation of PS2 was found in the Volga-German family. However, in our studies, PS1 mutations were found in less than 20% of Japanese families of Alzheimer's disease, and none was shown to have mutations in PS2. Therefore, important causative or risk factor genes are still missing. PS1 and PS2 genes are very homologous, and numerous isoforms are produced by alternative splicing. The full length protein of PS1 is 47 kDa protein and it is supposed to function after cleavage into two fragments. Both PS1 and PS2 are expressed mainly in Golgi and ER of neurons, but a part of astrocytes that surround vessels and senile plaques also contain this substance. It is still immature to know the function of PS1 and PS2, and the pathomechanism of Alzheimer's disease due to mutations of these genes is still unknown.


Copyright © 1997, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1882-1243 印刷版ISSN 0001-8724 医学書院

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