記憶障害の心理学的基礎

Basic psychological mechanisms of memory disorders

　記憶障害といっても，その障害の性質や程度はさまざまである。しかし心理学の立場からみて，種々の障害に共通するテーマとして，次の3点が考えられる。以下，その3点に関する心理学的な見方や研究の現状について述べる。

Three topics were selected as important psychological problems of memory disorders, that is, memory processes, the taxonomy of memory, and retention intervals.

As to memory processes, we discussed processing of encoding and retrieval, and the Principal of Encoding Specificity by E. Tulving. The second topic is the issues of multiples memory systems. We introduced some theories of the systems such as Schacter's, Tulving's, and Squire's and related them to evidences of recent research on priming. Lastly we explained qualitative changes of stored information in terms of retention intervals.