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要旨●Epstein-Barrウイルス関連胃癌は胃癌の5〜10%を占め,男性に多く,胃体部・胃底部に好発し,残胃癌に占める割合も高い.病理組織学的には腫瘍内の豊富なリンパ球浸潤を特徴とし,典型例はリンパ球浸潤癌の像を示す.予後はその他の胃癌に比べ良好な傾向があり,早期癌におけるリンパ節転移はまれである.The Cancer Genome Atlas research networkによる分子分類4型のうちの一つに位置づけられ,高度なDNAメチル化や特徴的な遺伝子変異(PIK3CAやARID1Aなど)を有する.高頻度にPD-L1発現や遺伝子増幅を示し,抗PD-1抗体治療に高い感受性を示すなど,免疫治療の点からも重要な一群と考えられる.
EBVaGC(Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer)accounts for 5-10% of all gastric cancers. EBVaGC is predominant in males, and it mainly occurs in the body, fundus, and remnant stomach. Pathologically, EBVaGC shows prominent intratumoral lymphocytic infiltration and is typically classified as a“carcinoma with lymphoid stroma”. Prognosis for EBVaGC is better than that for other gastric carcinomas, and lymph node metastasis is rare in the early stages. EBVaGC is one of the four molecular subtypes of gastric cancer that is characterized by DNA hypermethylation and mutation of PIK3CA and ARID1A. PD-L1 is frequently expressed and amplified in EBVaGC. EBVaGC is an important subtype of gastric cancer that is responsive to immunotherapy.
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