日本航空123便墜落事故における看護：遺体の検案と処置，身元確認に焦点をあてて

Nursing on Air Crash of Japan Air Lines Flight 123: Focusing on Autopsy, Treatment and Identification of the Dead Bodies

要旨

　目的：日本航空123便墜落事故で行われた看護を，遺体の検案，処置，身元確認に焦点を当てて，明らかにすることである．

　方法：歴史研究．この事故において遺体の検案，処置，身元確認，遺族へのケアに携わった関係機関の報告書，関係者の文献，遺族の手記を対象とした．

　結果：検案には県，医師会，日本赤十字社の看護職が活動した．看護職は遺体を探す遺族を支援し，損傷した遺体を綿花や新聞紙，段ボールを用いて整復した．身元が確認された遺体に家族が用意した着物を着せ，品物を棺に納めた．活動に参加した看護婦のなかには，数か月，数年経っても，その時の光景や感情がフラッシュバックし，食欲不振や不眠などの症状を呈する人がいた．

　結論：看護職は損傷の激しい遺体の処置を通じて，死者の尊厳を守り，遺族の支援を行った．整体は，過酷な状況で死別を経験する人々を支援するため，看護の基本に基づき創発された実践の一つであった．

　Objective: This study clarified the nursing care provided to the victims of the Japan Airlines flight 123 crash, focusing on autopsies, treatment, and victim identification.

　Methods: A historical research. We included reports from relevant institutions involved in the autopsies, treatment, identification, and care of the bereaved families in this accident, as well as literature written by medical professionals involved, and the notes written by the bereaved families.

　Results: Nurses from the prefectural government, the medical association, and the Japanese Red Cross Society were actively involved in the autopsies. The nurses assisted bereaved families in their search for the bodies of their loved ones, restoring damaged bodies using cotton, newspapers, and cardboards. The identified bodies were dressed in kimonos prepared by the family and the items were placed in coffins. Some of the nurses who participated in the activity had flashbacks of the scenes and emotions of the time even after months or years had passed and exhibited symptoms such as loss of appetite and insomnia.

　Conclusion: Through the treatment of severely damaged bodies, the nursing profession preserved the dignity of the deceased and assisted the families in bereavement of the dead. SEITAI was an emergent nursing practice based on the fundamentals of nursing to assist people experiencing bereavement in harsh conditions.