東日本大震災と原子力発電所事故の災害経験と看護基礎教育に与えた影響の実態—福島県の看護教員への調査から

Experiences of nursing teachers as a result of the Great East Japan Earthquake and nuclear power plant accident, and their effect on basic nursing education: A survey of nursing teachers in Fukushima

要約

【目的】東日本大震災及び原子力発電所事故後、福島県内の看護基礎教育機関に在籍する看護教員の災害経験と看護基礎教育へ与えた影響の実態を明らかにすることを目的とする。

【方法】調査用紙を郵送し、匿名による回収を郵送で行った。調査記述内容を意味の類似性に基づいて整理、分析した。

【結果】回収数（率）105（43.8％）で有効回答数103（42.9％）を対象とした。看護教員は所属する看護教育機関の物的被害（75件）と人的被害（４件）と教員自身の避難（15件）を経験していた。災害経験の反映を考えている教員は73（70.9％）でその理由は【将来の災害に備える】【原子力発電所事故による影響を考える】【体験を通して看護を深める機会】であった。反映考えていない教員は26（25.2％）で、その理由は【教育として反映困難】【災害に向き合えない】であった。災害看護で重要と回答した教育内容は、災害看護活動と被災者心理であった。問題点では、災害看護の内容精選、教授方法、学生への対応が挙げられた。

【結論】福島県の教員は放射線に関する基礎知識を看護基礎教育でどのように取り扱うか考えていた。また教育機関の特徴を考慮した内容精選と教授方法の選択が災害看護教育の課題となった。

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the following among teachers working in the field of basic nursing education: their experiences of the Great East Japan Earthquake and nuclear power plant accident, and their ideas regarding incorporating their experiences into basic nursing education.

Methods: We conducted an anonymous survey. The responses were analyzed on the basis of similarity of meaning.

Results: Of 105 responses (response rate, 43.8%), the number of valid responses was 103 (42.9%). Among them, 75 and 4 teachers experienced property damage and injuries, respectively, in the nursing educational institutions they belonged to. An additional 15 teachers experienced evacuation. Seventy-three teachers planned lessons reflecting their disaster experiences (70.9%). The reasons were as follows: Preparing for future disasters, considering the nuclear power plant accident, and extending the understanding of nursing through experience. Twenty-six teachers did not plan lessons reflecting their disaster experiences (25.2%). The reasons were as follows: Difficulty in conveying their experience through education, and reluctance to reflect back on the disaster. The teachers chose basic disaster nursing and the psychology of victims as important focus areas in the subject of Disaster Nursing. Problems raised were the selection of disaster nursing course content, teaching methods, and dealing with students.

Conclusion: The respondents were considering how to incorporate basic knowledge on radiation into basic nursing education. The identified tasks of disaster nursing education were the selection of course content and teaching methods, considering the characteristics of the educational institutions.