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Pathology of portal hypertension: vascular construction of esophageal and gastric varices and pathology of the liver and spleen Masayoshi Kage 1 , Reiichirou Kondo 2 , Hironobu Kusano 2 , Jun Akiba 2 , Masahiro Arakawa , Atsushi Toyonaga 3 1Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Science, Junshin Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan 2Department of Pathology, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan 3Unit of Gastroenterology, Yasumoto Hospital, Medical Corporation Hakujukai, Kurume, Japan Keyword: portal hypertension , pathology , esophageal varices pp.1626-1635
Published Date 2024/12/25
DOI https://doi.org/10.24479/endo.0000001776
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 This overview covers the basic vascular architecture of esophageal and gastric varices, and the pathology of the liver diseases causing portal hypertension and of the spleen. The lower esophagus has a unique vascular structure called “palisade vessels”. With the development of extrahepatic collateral circulation, the veins in the sudare-like vascular region dilate and meander, change their course downward, and anastomose with 3-4 vessels in the submucosa. This area is called the transitional zone, where esophageal varices are highly formed, leading to ruptured bleeding. While esophageal varices form in the mucosa and the submucosa, gastric varices form in the submucosa. There are two types of gastric varices; fundic varices and cardiac varices. Fundic varices are usually associated with the development of portal-systemic shunts, such as splenorenal shunts, and are formed in the process where part of the shunt runs within the gastric wall. Bleeding from gastric varices often results in massive hemorrhage and is difficult to control. A more accurate and comprehensive understanding of portal hypertension from the pathological perspective of the liver and spleen is useful for diagnosing and treating esophageal and gastric varices.


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電子版ISSN 印刷版ISSN 0915-3217 東京医学社

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